An economic downturn refers to a period of negative economic growth characterized by a decline in economic activity, such as a decrease in consumer spending, business investments, and overall production. This can lead to higher unemployment rates, decreased consumer confidence, and reduced business profits. Economic downturns can be triggered by various factors such as financial crises, recessions, or external shocks, and can have widespread negative impacts on individuals, businesses, and governments. Policymakers often implement measures such as stimulus packages or monetary policy adjustments to help mitigate the effects of an economic downturn and promote economic recovery.